Describe
the English plosives with examples.
Definition
Plosive
(also known as stops, mutes, occlusives, explosives)
sounds are formed by the air being completely blocked in the mouth and then
suddenly released. A plosive is a consonant articulation with the following
characteristics:
• One articulator is
moved against another, or two articulators are moved against each other, so as
to form a stricture that allows no air escape from the vocal tract. The
stricture is, then, total.
• After the stricture
has been formed and air has been compressed (held) behind it, it is released;
that is, air is allowed to escape.
• If the air behind the
stricture is still under pressure when the plosive is released, it is probable
that the escape of air will produce noise loud enough to be heard. This noise
is called plosion.
• There may be voicing
during part or all of the plosive articulation.
Classification
We have
6 Plosive sounds in English: /p/b/t/d/k/g/. The Plosive consonant sounds are
generally described on three bases:
1. Manner of
articulation : The manner of articulation is concerned with airflow
i.e. the paths it takes and the degree to which it is impeded by vocal tract
constrictions. In other words, manner of articulation describes how the sound
is produced. In the articulation of the plosive sounds, four phases can be
distinguished:
(i) Closing
phase: In this stage the two organs move very close to one another and
create a complete closure or blockade.
(ii)
Hold/occlusion/compression phase: In this stage the air is held behind the
closure.
(iii) Release or
burst: The two organs move away from one another (closure is opened) and
the air goes out and the released airflow produces a sudden impulse causing an
audible sound (hence the name plosive).
(iv) Post
Release phase: The articulators are now further apart, and the air pressure
at the site of the obstruction has fallen so that the speech sound is no longer
a burst with energy in all frequencies, but bands of aspiration which are more
narrowly concentrated and which move toward the formant values in the next
phoneme..............................................................................................................
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