What factors led to the European Renaissance? Briefly discuss the impact of the Renaissance on English Literature and Culture. /How did the Renaissance and the Reformation impact socio-cultural life in England?

What factors led to the European Renaissance? Briefly discuss the impact of the Renaissance on English Literature and
Culture. /How did the Renaissance and the Reformation impact socio-cultural life in England?

The Renaissance was a time of great intellectual growth and rebirth -- in fact, the word Renaissance literally means "rebirth" in French. This new era of enlightenment for Europeans began in Florence towards the end of the 14th century, following the Middle Ages, and after the Black Death wiped out nearly half of Europe's population. During the Renaissance, a revolution in philosophy, science and mathematics dramatically changed arts and culture in Europe.

Rise of Humanism

During the Middle Ages, individuals were expected to devote their lives to the church above all else. In stark contrast, Renaissance humanists broke free from medieval tradition to put focus on personal interests instead of religious demands. Humanists emphasized the importance of worldly pleasures and studied classic texts from philosophers like Plato and Aristotle for inspiration. With humanism came an increased interest in travel and the pursuit of knowledge. Renaissance writers, artists, scientists and other thinkers were greatly influenced by humanist beliefs -- Francesco Petrarch, Giovanni Boccaccio, Sir Thomas More and Francis Bacon are a few of the humanist pioneers who influenced Renaissance art and literature.

Spreading of Knowledge

Around 1450, German citizen Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press, and with it came an increasingly informed society. Prior to the Renaissance, texts were tediously hand written, and education was reserved to wealthy citizens who could afford such luxury. The printing press revolutionized communication -- suddenly, the middle classes were able to educate themselves. Scientists were able to easily share work, leading to faster and more accurate discoveries. Thanks to the printing press, new ideas spread quickly throughout Europe and allowed for widespread educational reform....................................................................................

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