Critically comment on the major features of
the Enlightenment in Europe.
The most salient feature of the Enlightenment was
its spirit based on the scientific and intellectual revolution of the 17th
century. Indeed Isaac Newton’s Laws of Motion, Francis Bacon’s idea of
Scientific Method, Rene Descartes’ Concept of Reason, Locke’s Principle of
Natural Right and Natural Law, Spinoza’s Political Concepts, plus the
Scientific Theories of W. Harvey and Hally all combined to lay the foundation
of the 18th century Enlightenment. History hardly knows of a period so
skeptical towards tradition, so faithful to the power of reason and science and
so convinced of the harmony of nature and inevitability of progress.
Major features of the Enlightenment in Europe are
as follows:
Rejection of Superstition,
Magic, Miracle and Witchcraft
Another noteworthy feature of
the Enlightenment was the disbelief in and discouragement to superstition,
miracles, witchcraft and magic. This was obviously the result of materialist
and scientific thinking. The people in the Age of Enlightenment, not only
ceased to fear the devil but also the God. God was taken more as the creator of
the Universe than as the Father and Divine Providence. God was compared to a
watchmaker and the universe as a watch. The Universe is as complex and
intricate as a watch. As a watch cannot exist without a watchmaker, so the
universe can’t do without god. The Newtonian concept of mathematical law and
accuracy was predominant in the minds of Enlightenment scholars.........................................................
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